Wednesday, September 8, 2010

SEPTEMBER 8, 2010 INNER PEACE AND GOLDENSEAL






“Inner peace should not be determined by outward experiences.” – unknown

I think this quote is unique especially since I do not know who wrote it. It makes it even more real. I can attest to the fact that outward experiences have not made me more peaceful. I thought it would when I first started doing something unique and worthwhile. I thought being accepted by a community on my medical merits alone would bring me inner peace. But I realize now that inner peace comes from within . Many patients volunteer their time in old age homes, soup kitchens and big brother affiliations. None have increased their inner peace. In some cases it increased their self esteem, but also helped bring up resentments, anger and drama. Inner peace has come from a belief in GOD and prayer/ meditation. Do you want inner peace? Who doesn’t want peace, serenity and happiness. First, do you meditate? If not, learn. Second, do you have a hobby? If not, think of one that is feasible. Third, how many people do you help in a given day? If the answer is more than one and IF you do not help yourself, start to learn.

Two more herbs that are cholagogues are Figwort ( Scrophularia spp ) and Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis ). Again these cholagogues stimulate the release of bile from liver and gallbladder. They increase intestinal digestion of fats.

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering annual or perennial herbs with flowers. Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains. The family includes some medicinal plants such as:

1. Leptandra, black root, Culver's root
2. Rehmannia, Chinese foxglove,
3. Scrophularia, figworts
4. Verbascum, mulleins

In both eastern and western traditions, figwort (S. nodosa) is a very cleansing herb. Other names for this plant are Carpenter's-square, Figwort, Rose-noble, Scrofula Plant, Square Stalk, Stinking Christopher, and Throatwort. In the past, figwort was known as the scrofula plant (hence the botanical name), and used to treat abscesses or scrofula (tuberculosis of the lymph glands in the neck). Like its close relative foxglove, figwort contains a cardio active substance that strengthens the heart and slows its beat. Please consult your healthcare practitioner before using. Figwort is an herb that supports detoxification of the body and may be used as a treatment for various types of skin conditions. Taken internally as an infusion or applied externally, figwort is of value in treating chronic skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. Applied externally, figwort will also help speed the healing of burns, wounds, hemorrhoids, and ulcers. Figwort contains saponins, cardioactive glycosides, flavonoids, resin, sugar, organic acids.


I love the common names of all herbs, especially Goldenseal. It seems like it is the all purpose herb, or the herb of the gods. Goldenseal (Orange-root, Orangeroot; Hydrastis canadensis) is a perennial herb in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to southeastern Canada and the northeastern United States. It may be distinguished by its thick, yellow knotted rootstock. The stem is purplish and hairy above ground and yellow below ground where it connects to the yellow rhizome. Goldenseal has been ascribed the following herbal properties (whole herb): bitter, hepatic, anticatarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and laxative.

In all the years I have used goldenseal I have never thought of this herb as a Liver Detoxifier. I have always used it for eczema, hemorrhoids and boils. For sore throats I use 1 1/2 to 3 teaspoons two to three times a day. For boils I have applied it as a paste to the infected area. I once saw a healer use cabbage leaves for boils. I must research what is in Cabbage leaves --
Of mention, both figwort and goldenseal are not mentioned in the book Medicinal Plants of the Bible. Of course figs are mentioned but the quote below mentions figs and boil. (HOW IRONIC!)

"For Isiah had said, Let them take a lump of figs, and lay it for a plaster upon the boil, and he shall recover." Isiah 38:21 (King James version)

The purple plant in the photograph is the Figwort (1 photo) and the other two are Goldenseal.


Until tomorrow...

Tuesday, September 7, 2010

SEPTEMBER 7, 2010 CREATING HAPPINESS- LIVER HERBS PART 2





"During his/her lifetime, an individual should devote his/her efforts to creating happiness and enjoy it ." Ch'en Tu'hsiu

Thanks Karen

What could be more important than creating one's happiness? Are you happy? Have you exerted any effort in creating your own happiness? I have created more happiness in my life in my many years of being sober. I do not think anyone can say that every aspect of his/her life is happy. We create our own happiness. As I get older I want serenity, peace, and happiness. I also have God in my life. I have shared my happiness with my family, children and friends. The creating and sharing of happiness with a significant other has been essential in my life. Creating happiness in one's occupation is also important as we spend many years at our occupation.

I have the opportunity to create happiness in patient's I see on a daily basis. This is accomplished by either treating their disease entity, by talking to each patient on an appropriate level, and only suggesting some self-esteem hobbies. At various times in my life I have included Fire Island in my happiness. In Fire Island 1650's to 1980's, Madeline Johnson calls Fire Island a provocative name. It combines the excitement and drama of fire with tranquility, isolation and the mystery of an island. During some decades it combined the excitement and drama of individuals. In the 1980' and 1990's, some communities on Fire Island, especially The Pines and Cherry Grove combined sadness, grief , death and confusion with the AIDS epidemic. I like Johnson's definition, but as in every community there is drama and those unfortunates who express their identity in a variety of addictions- alcohol, sex, drugs and drama. Yes, drama is an addiction.
Over the last five years, Rick and I have volunteered our time in The Doctor's House to support and fund raise and dream of a quality medical center in assisting the elderly community members. In a way we have achieved our dream. I seek happiness in helping those who want and need assistance.

This weekend, I had the opportunity to walk to Sailor's Haven, another Fire Island community with a horticulturist/landscaper, Todd Erickson. As we walked towards the Sunken Forest, a unique National Seashore Establishment (founded in 1962) I was in awe of his explanation of positioning of various plant species. The countless American Holly shrubs and trees with the intertwining Wild Cherry, Bayberry, Barberry and Bearbery has made my Ithaca Botany training a reality. Happiness will be the collaboration of our love of plants in a unique way. Happiness will be experiencing Vaccinium, Smilax, and Gaylussacia up close and personal. The Gaylussacia is the Black Huckleberry. The word 'gay' with huckle. This will make me huckle and chuckle in the years to come.

To continue with Detoxification and Liver herbs...
The liver is essential is assiting other organs of the body. Yesterday we discussed two cholagogues (bitter herbs that stimulate the release of bile form the gallbladder and liver). Today I want to discuss Barberry and Turtlehead.

Berberis the barberries or pepperidge bushes, is a genus of about 450-500 species of deciduous and evergreen shrubs from 1-5 m tall with thorny shoots, native to the temperate and subtropical regions of Europe, Asia, Africa, North America and South America. Berberis was discussed in a previous blog.

The historical use of barberry dates back 2,500 years. Indian folk medicine used it to treat diarrhea, reduce fever, improve appetite, relieve upset stomach, and promote vigor and a sense of well-being. Today, it is widely used for medicinal purposes in treating biliary disorders (such as gallbladder disease) and heartburn.

Barberry (Berberis species) and goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) are often used for similar medicinal purposes because both herbs contain the chemical berberine. Barberry is used to ease inflammation and infection of the urinary (bladder and urinary tract infections), gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts (sore throat, nasal congestion, sinusitis, bronchitis) as well as candida (yeast) infections of the skin or vagina. Barberry extract may also improve symptoms of certain skin conditions including psoriasis and eczema.

Barberry may also be an effective treatment for diarrhea (including traveler's diarrhea and diarrhea caused by food poisoning). I would always use probiotcs when taking barberry. Barberry is available in capsules, fluid extracts, tinctures, and as a topical ointment. I prefer to use Tinctures . I recommend 3 - 6 mL (1/2 to 1 1/2 tsp) 3 times daily. All herbs are drugs and interact with other herbs or conventional medications. Herbs, however, can trigger side effects and can interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, you should take herbs with care, under the supervision of a health care provider. Barberry can interfere with antibioitcs, blood thinners, sugar medications anti histamines.

Chelone glabra (white turtlehead) is a plant in the family Plantaginaceae (the plantain family). Chelone glabra is a herbaceous plant found in wetlands and riparian forests of eastern North America with opposite, simple leaves on stout, upright stems. The white flowers are borne in late summer and early fall.

Other common names for this plant are Balmony and Turtlehead. The herb may be found growing in moderation along the borders of marsh lands, rivers and wet woods. The plant grows permanently and has tender bearing leaves on opposite sides of a stalk. The oblong-shaped leaves of the herb are usually small, have a thick growth and found on the tips of the branches. The balmony leaves possess a faint smell that fairly resembles tea and have a noticeably bitter flavor.
The herb has derived its botanical name from the Greek term denoting tortoise, primarily owing to the fact that the flowers of the herb appear like a tortoise’s head. Indigenous Americans consumed the bitter leaves of balmony as it possesses aspects of an effective purgative. In addition, the balmony leaves have also been conventionally used to cure worms in the body. Present-day herbal medicine practitioners prescribe balmony for its ability to stimulate the functions of the liver. In fact, the herb serves as an effective liver tonic.

It has a variety of other uses. Personally I have never used this herb. Coincidentally, a friend whom I have known since 1979 has gallstones. This friend who lives in Las Vegas wanted to discuss herbs to stimulate bile production and gallstones. Karmic energy...

The balmony leaves are medicinally very useful as they are anti-nauseous, able to eliminate parasitic worms in the body, act as a cleansing agent and possess a tonic or stimulating property. Elements enclosed in the balmony leaves have an unusual action on the liver and hence the leaves are normally utilized for eating as well as to cure conditions such as indigestion or dyspepsia, weakness or debility, jaundice and liver disorders.

The natives of North America have been using the herb to cure several ailments and it has been considered to be an effective and popular tonic, purgative and laxative.

Photographs: Bottom: Turtlehead and Head of Turtle: See how it got its name. Top photographs: Two barberry photos.


Until tomorrow...

Sunday, September 5, 2010

SEPTEMBER 5, 2010 LIVER HERBS

"Every single person you encounter, even the ones who bother you, communicates some form of wisdom"

Thanks Karen

This quote caught me off guard. I pondered and pondered and then thought, "As much as I do not like this quote, I have to agree with it." This quote makes it a lot easier to accept the people who bother or annoy me. Do you have a person in your life who bothers you? We all do even if we are not likely to admit it to everyone. You do not have to admit it to anyone except yourself. You do not have to like everyone. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion. If you listen to these bothersome people, they might convey a message. Even some wisdom.

The sad part is the bothersome annoying people do not even recognize or know that they have this wisdom. It is not my place to tell them. These people are in a different place in their life. Possibly these people are not living to their fullest potential. Perhaps another part of their life is ruling them. Sometimes this might be a form of addiction. Again it is not my place to find out who, what, why or where. I am not going to take their inventory. I will however, take the message or wisdom offered. I find that every person has a purpose in life. It doesn't have to be my purpose. There is always a reason why things fall into place. It is the universe, and karmic energy. No, it is GOD-good orderly direction. Rememeber this: even if you do not like the bothersome, annoying person --listen to them. Take the cotton out of your ears and place it in your mouth---AND LISTEN.



Since I want to continue discussing the gastrointestinal tract, I thought I would discuss the largest body organ next to the skin. This is the liver. Since alcohol is always an ever increasing problem, especially among young teens, I want to discuss the plants/herbs that can help the liver. Since the liver is about 3 lbs you can imagine the amount of functions it performs in the body. It has the unique ability to regenerate liver (hepatic) cells. This organ bears the brunt of detoxifying the body of toxins and waste. It is the major detoxification organ.

In addition to detoxification there are other functions of the liver. One function is the manufacture of clotting factors for the blood. These factors depend on Vitamin K. The endocrine functions of the liver include activation of Vitamin D. In addition it converts a thyroid hormone T4 (thyroxine) to T3 (triiodothyronine). The metabolic functions include storage and release of carbohydrates. The liver also maintains our glucose stability. In addition to storage of carbohydrates (the breads, pasta and cake), the liver stores and converts fat. It also breaks down protein to form the basic building blocks of protein, the amino acids.The digestive function includes making bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder. How many of you still have a gallbladder?

The liver is the first organ to absorb substances after they leave the gastrointestinal tract (basically the stomach and small intestines). The liver also has a unique circulation called the portal circulation. Did you know that cholesterol is made in the liver? Well it is.

The major role of the liver is detoxification. Therefore if it gets damaged by alcohol, hepatitis or a liver tumor, these toxins will accumulate and cause illness and disease. These toxins are eliminated in the bile. The liver also stores some very important vitamins including A, D, B12 and K. In addition to the vitamins, there are two major minerals it stores--iron and copper.
In an earlier blog I discussed the specific categories of herbs. In regard to the liver these categories of herbal treatment are bitters, liver tonics, cholagogues and purgatives. Since there are many herbs in these categories I will discuss the liver herbs for the next week.

Before discussing herbs I want to touch upon some diseases. First, the yellow discoloration of the white (sclera) of the eyes and the skin. This yellow discoloration is called jaundice. This is due to the high level of bilirubin in the blood stream. There are many diseases that cause jaundice. These include hepatitis and obstruction of the bile ducts by a tumor (usually a cancer), both of which then will cause excess bilirubin production.

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. It has many causes, the primary one being a virus. There are different types of hepatitis. These include A, B, and C, caused by different DNA virus. These types are distinguished by their transmissions. Hepatitis A (HAV ) is generally contracted through fecal-oral route. There is fecal contamination of water. Therefore you can get hepatitis A by eating seafood or drinking contaminated water. There is a complete recovery from Hepatitis A. Both hepatitis B and C are contracted through direct blood and sexual transmission. This route of blood transmission is seen with use of needles(intravenous drug use) or transfusions. About 50% of those who contract Hepatitis C will progress to significant liver damage.

Another common condition of the liver is cirrhosis. This is where the liver organ gets damaged and some liver tissue is replaced by non functioning tissue. This starts to affect all the functions of the liver that were discussed above. The major causes of cirrhosis include chronic alcohol abuse, obstruction of the biliary tract, usually by a tumor, and viral hepatitis (especially Hepatitis B and C).

Since there are so many herbs to discuss, I will start with the Cholagogues. These are generally the bitters which stimulate the release of bile from the liver and gallbladder. These herbs increase intestinal digestion of fats and increase the liver's elimination processes. I know in the past I have discussed Milk Thistle, Silybum marianum and Tumeric, Curcuma domestica.

At this time I will discuss Artichoke, Cynara scolymus. This herb has my interest due to the many studies regarding its beneficial effects on high blood pressure (hypertension). I also love artichoke as it allows me to reflect on my past. I can never forget how my Poppy made Artichokes. My Nanny would be so proud when she bought Artichokes at Food Fair or Morley's Market in Yonkers at a reduced price. I loved peeling and eating artichokes stuffed with bread crumbs I know some people who make artichokes and stuff them with chopped meat. My Poppy used freshly made breadcrumbs, fresh garlic and virgin olive oil. Ummmm. What memories! In addition I remember an episode of Our Gang, where Buckwheat peels and peels an artichoke never knowing what to eat. He didn't realize that the artichoke heart was the best portion of the vegetable.

The Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) is a perennial thistle originating in Southern Europe around the Mediterranean. It grows to 1.4–2 m tall, with arching, deeply lobed, silvery glaucous-green leaves 50–82 cm long. The flowers develop in a large head from an edible bud about 8–15 cm in diameter with numerous triangular scales; the individual florets are purple. The edible portion of the buds consists primarily of the fleshy lower portions of the involucral bracts and the base, known as the "heart"; the mass of immature florets in the center of the bud is called the "choke". These are inedible in older larger flowers.

The historical facts about Artichoke are also interesting. Leave it to the Italians to be part of the history of the Artichoke. Globe artichokes are known to have been cultivated at Naples around the middle of the 9th century. Modern scholar, Le Roy Ladurie, in his book Les Paysans de Languedoc has documented the spread of the artichoke. "The blossom of the thistle, improved by the Arabs, passed from Naples to Florence in 1466, carried by Filippo Strozzi, of course an Italian.

The Dutch introduced artichokes to England, where they grew in Henry VIII's garden at Newhall in 1530. They were brought to the United States in the 19th century, to Louisiana by French immigrants and to California by Spanish immigrants. The name has originated from the Arabic al-kharshof, through a Northern Italian dialect word, articiocco.

In Italy, artichoke hearts in oil are the usual vegetable for spring in the 'Four Seasons' pizza (with olives for summer, mushrooms for autumn and prosciutto for winter. Often thrown away, the cores of artichoke stems, once the fibrous exterior has been discarded, are perfectly edible and taste like the artichoke heart.

Cynarin, an active chemical constituent in Cynara, causes an increased bile flow. The majority of the cynarin found in artichoke is located in the pulp of the leaves, though dried leaves and stems of artichoke also contain cynarin.

This diuretic vegetable is of nutritional value because of its aid to digestion, strengthening of the liver function, gall bladder function, and raising of HDL/LDL ratio. This reduces cholesterol levels, which diminishes the risk for arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Aqueous extracts from artichoke leaves have also been shown to reduce cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and having a hypolipidemic influence, lowering blood cholesterol. Perhaps this is the reason studies have been done on Artichoke for high blood pressure.

Until tomorrow...

Saturday, September 4, 2010

September 4, 2010 CONSTIPATION OF THE MIND





"The more we accept our darkness as one part of the picture, the more easily we can also allow and accept our light."

Each of us has a dark side. Some are darker than others. The darkness might be the bad personality traits, your addictive habits, and even your fears. For each of us to grow we need to do the three A's--awareness, acknowledgment and acceptance. You can be aware and acknowledge a fault, but you must accept it in order to move forward. I have to accept my character trait of expectations. I had to learn to give without expectation.

There is nothing more important to true growth than realizing that you are not the voice of the mind-you are only the one who hears it. If you do not understand this you will try to figure it out. You will search which of the many things the voice says is really you. I have seen people go through so many changes in the name of 'trying to find myself'. Everyone including me at one time wants to discover which of these voices, which aspects of their personality is who they really are. This is the answer: None of them.

Much of what the voice is saying and what you are hearing is meaningless. Listening to most of what the voice in the mind says is wasting energy. The definition of an addiction for me is an 'energy thief'.

The truth is that most of life will begin to unfold in accordance with forces outside your control. In the same vain, you cannot control others actions, only your own. This is regardless of what your mind is thinking. Can you sit down at night and determine if the moon will shine through? The bottom line is that the moon will come up and shine. You can think of so many things that might, what if...but life is going to happen no matter what. Your thoughts have little impact on the world. Start letting go...accept your dark sides, and then you can accept the light. Remember this --Your thoughts have no effect on anything or anybody except YOU. They might be making you feel better or sometimes worse about what is actually going on. It is the commotion (committee in your head) that really causes most problems.

Today is the Constipation of the Mind contrasting to Diarrhea of the Mouth. If you think constipation is an easy topic, think again.

Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent and hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation and fecal impaction. Constipation is common. In the general population incidence of constipation varies from 2 to 30%.Constipation means different things to different people. For many people, it simply means infrequent stools. For others, however, constipation means hard stools, difficulty passing stools (straining), or a sense of incomplete emptying after a bowel movement. The cause of each of these "types" of constipation probably is different, and the approach to each should be tailored to the specific type of constipation.

Constipation also can alternate with diarrhea. This pattern commonly occurs as part of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). At the extreme end of the constipation spectrum is fecal impaction, a condition in which stool hardens in the rectum and prevents the passage of any stool. There was a time as a hospital resident that an elderly patient came to the emergency room with severe constipation. The resident would have to do digital fecal disimpaction. The number of bowel movements generally decreases with age. Ninety-five percent of adults have bowel movements between three and 21 times per week, and this would be considered normal. The most common pattern is one bowel movement a day, but this pattern is seen in less than 50% of people. Moreover, most people are irregular and do not have bowel movements every day or the same number of bowel movements each day.

A medical definition of constipation usually is defined as fewer than three bowel movements per week. Severe constipation is defined as less than one bowel movement per week. There is no medical reason to have a bowel movement every day. Going without a bowel movement for two or three days does not cause physical discomfort, only mental distress for some people. The mental distress is a lot worse than the physical discomfort.

The causes of constipation are numerous. A frequently over-looked cause of constipation is medications. The most common offending medications include:
Narcotic pain medications such as codeine (for example, Tylenol #3), oxycodone (for example, Percocet), and hydromorphone (Dilaudid); The antidepressants such as
amitriptyline (Elavil) and imipramine (Tofranil); iron supplements; heart medications like the calcium channel blocking agents cardizem and verapamil; Aluminum-containing antacids.
So do you have to stop these medications to relieve the constipation? This is usually not necessary providing you add fiber and more liquids to your diet.

Fiber is important in maintaining a soft, bulky stool. Diets that are low in fiber can therefore, cause constipation. The best natural sources of fiber are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Although laxatives are a treatment for constipation, the over-use of stimulant laxatives [for example, senna (Senokot), castor oil, and certain herbs] can also be a cause of constipation. An association has been shown between the chronic use of stimulant laxatives and damage to the nerves and muscles of the colon, and it is believed by some that the damage is responsible for the constipation. Hormones can affect bowel movements. I usually see the following symptoms in an elderly patient. These include cold hand and feet, hair thinning and hair loss, fatigue, weight gain and constipation. Although not of all these symptoms are necessary I have made the diagnosis. You are suffering from an underactive thyroid (Hypothyroidism).

The treatment if not overused would be a laxative. I usually tell the patient to increase their dietary fiber and water intake. I ask them to take magnesium oxide 500mg , two at bedtime.Be sure to obtain magnesium oxide, not magnesium taurate, aspartate or orotate. Some people do use Magnesium citrate. Since I love plants,let's discuss plant /herbal treatments.

The most frequently used herb is Yellow Dock. Curled Dock (Rumex crispus), also known as Curly Dock, Yellow Dock, Sour Dock, Narrow Dock, sometimes as "narrow-leaved dock" (which properly refers to a variant of Sorrel), and ambiguously as "garden patience", is a perennial flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, native to Europe and western Asia.

I have much success with Yellow Dock. The only problem I have with Yellow Dock is the bitter taste as the plant matures. Some people use yellow dock as a wild vegetable and add it to their salad. The young leaves should be boiled in several changes of water to remove as much of the oxalic acid in the leaves as possible. Dock leaves are an excellent source of both vitamin A and protein, and are rich in iron and potassium. Curly Dock leaves are somewhat tart due to the presence of high levels of oxalic acid, and although quite palatable, this plant should only be consumed in moderation as it can irritate the urinary tract and increase the risk of developing kidney stones. I have never used it for a urinary tract infection. I prefer to use a supplement called D-mannose, or the herb, uva ursi and cranberry.

The roots have also been used medicinally as an astringent, tonic, and laxative. Compounds contained in the plant's roots have been clinically verified to bind with heavy metals such as lead and arsenic and expel them from the body by stimulating biliary function in the liver. I have not used it to remove heavy metals from the body but I commonly use three other herbs: astragalus, cucurmin and hops. I will start adding yellow dock to my metal detoxifying herbs. I know some herbalists who have used yellow dock as a liver (hepaticx) cleanser.

The other commonly used product is Cascara. Did you know that cascara is an herb ?
Well it is. Cascara, Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara Buckthorn, Cascara, Bearberry, and in the Chinook Jargon, Chittam or Chitticum; syn. Frangula purshiana, Rhamnus purshianus) is a species of buckthorn native to western North America from southern British Columbia south to central California, and inland to western Montana.

It is the largest species of buckthorn, occasionally growing up to 15 m tall, though more commonly a large shrub or small tree 5–10 m tall, with a trunk 20–50 cm in diameter. The bark is brownish to silver-grey with light splotching. The leaves are deciduous, alternate, clustered near the ends of twigs; they are oval, 5–15 cm long and 2–5 cm broad with a 0.6–2 cm petiole, dark shiny green on top, fuzzy and paler green below.

The use of cascara is not new. The dried, aged bark of this tree has been used continually for at least 1,000 years by both native and immigrant Americans as a laxative natural medicine, commercially called "Cascara Sagrada", but old timers call it "chitticum bark". Cascara Sagrada means "sacred bark" in Spanish.

Cascara Sagrada was accepted in medical practice in the United States in 1877, and by 1890 had replaced the berries of the European Buckthorn (R. catharticus) as a commonly used laxative. It was the principal ingredient in many commercial, over-the-counter laxatives in North American pharmacies until 9 May 2002, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a final rule banning the use of aloe and cascara sagrada as laxative ingredients in over-the-counter drug products.


Another product used for constipation is Senokot. Did you ever think Senna is derived from a plant. Well, senna is derived from a genus of flowering plants. Senna ,the sennas, is a large genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. This diverse genus is native throughout the tropics, with a small number of species reaching into temperate regions. The number of species is usually estimated to be about 260, but some authors believe that there are as many as 350. The type species for the genus is Senna alexandrina. About 50 species of Senna are known in cultivation.

There are many species of Senna for a variety of purposes. Siamese Senna (S. siamea) leaves can be eaten as a vegetable. Senna species make good ornamental plants and are used for landscape gardening. Cassia gum, a commonly-used thickening agent despite its name is actually from Chinese Senna (S. obtusifolia) seeds. Another senna, Senna italica ssp. italica (= Cassia obovata), often called "neutral henna", is used as a hair treatment with effects similar to henna but without the red color.

Sennas have for millennia played a major role in herbalism and folk medicine. Alexandrian Senna (S. alexandrina) was and still is a significant item of trans-national trade. Sennas act as purgatives and are similar to aloe and rhubarb in having as active ingredients anthraquinone derivatives and their glucosides. The latter are called sennosides or senna glycosides. Senna alexandrina is used in modern medicine as a laxative; acting on the lower bowel, it is especially useful in alleviating constipation. It increases the peristaltic movements of the colon by irritating the colonic mucosa.

Resveratrol was first isolated from Senna quinquangulata, [citation needed] and Siamese Senna. The long-standing use of (mainly) Alexandrian Senna is reflected by its presence in many herbal remedies and tonics.

Senna is also the primary ingredient found in most "dieter's teas". The combination of acting as a stimulant which reduces a dieter's appetite, and the laxative properties that cause food to move through their system before as many calories can be absorbed is a combination that can lead to rapid and even dangerous weight loss.

The major side effect of taking Senna medication regularly is Melanosis coli, a brown discoloration of the colon wall.

Top Photograph: YELLOW DOCK
Middle Photograph: CASCARA
Bottom Photograph: SENNA

Until tomorrow...

Friday, September 3, 2010

SEPTEMBER 3, 2010 BEHAVIORIAL DIARRHEA





"WE CANNOT CONTROL WHAT OTHERS DO, BUT WE CAN CHOOSE OUR OWN BEHAVIORS AND OUR OWN COURSE OF ACTION."

This is a great reminder for me. It is so true I cannot control what others do. Everyone deals with the beginning of this quote at least once a day. Whether it is someone you work with, a friend, or a family member. I have come to the realization that I cannot control what others do. On this day, there is nothing I can do about people's behaviors. At the end of a 12 step meeting the serenity prayer is recited. At some meetings we take a moment of silence for those in and out of the rooms before reciting the serenity prayer. You may wonder why do that. I have found out that just because you are sober---are you truly sober. I pray for those who have insulted, disappointed or even taken advantage of me.

Some individuals have an illness- the illness of addiction. As a volunteer physician on an island I see more problems with alcohol and sex addictions than I would normally see in my private practice. I see other people's addictions when they might not even recognize it. I have seen friends, which in reality are just acquintances come out of a bar staggering back to their home, or being held up by their significant other. I often wonder what the 'significant other' is thinking when they see me. I behave soberly. I must learn even though I am angry not to stoop to others level when he/she has delibertly hurt me. I object even more when he/she is representing a community and board of directors. Again I cannot control what others do. I cannot stop them from drinking nor speaking their mind. I cannot control their actions. Their actions are not sober, but should everyone be sober? Absolutely not. I would like people to act with kindness, compassion and love, more so when they represent a community.

What I can do is control my behaviors and my own course of action. MY BEHAVIOR and MY COURSE OF ACTOION can be controlled by me, and only me. It has been difficult. I can admit this without hesitation. It is progress, but more importantly it is a process which I am in constant flux with on a daily basis. The good news--I am getting better at it! Have you controlled your own behaviors and course of action? Think about it and write down in what way can you change.

What can also be changed are your bowel movements. I want to briefly discuss diarrhea.
Diarrhea is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. It is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant death worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. In 2009 diarrhea was estimated to have caused 1.1 million deaths in people aged 5 and over and 1.5 million deaths in children under the age of 5. In the United States, diarrhea is not discussed as it is in developing countries. Diarrhea is an uncomfortable condition that can have many causes. Most cases of diarrhea will go away on their own. However, in some cases, diarrhea can lead to dehydration or be a sign of a more serious problem.

The most common cause of diarrhea is viral gastroenteritisviral gastroenteritis, a mild viral infection that goes away on its own within a few days. This condition is often called the stomach flu. Viral gastroenteritis often occurs in mini-epidemics in schools, neighborhoods, or families. A common cause is after a trip to a foreign country. Rememeber Montezuma's revenge when returning from Mexico. This occurs as a result of eating food or drinking water contaminated with bacteria or parasites.

I commonly see diarrhea in patients who have finished a course of antibiotics. You forgot to take your probiotics, or 'good bacteria' or you didn't eat Activa. I prefer Colibani or Sheep/Goat yogurt. Other medications such as laxatives containing magnesium, and chemotherapy for cancer treatment, can also cause diarrhea.

Other medical conditions can also lead to diarrhea. Some of these such as Celiac disease, Inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis, Irritable bowel syndrome), Lactose intolerance, and malabsorption syndromes have been discussed in previous blogs. Some other less common causes of diarrhea are partial removal of the stomach, carconoid syndrome and diabetic complications. Drink plenty of fluid to avoid becoming dehydrated. Start with sips of any fluid other than caffeinated beverages. Milk may prolong loose stools, but also provides needed fluids and nourishment. Drinking milk may be fine for mild diarrhea. For moderate and severe diarrhea, electrolyte solutions available in drugstores are usually best.

Let's talk about a home remedy if you cannot get to the store and get Pedialyte (electrolyte replacement). A simple remedy is mixing one quart of water, 3 teaspoons of sugar and 1 teaspoon of salt. PLEASE do not use honey.

PLEASE take probiotics. Another supplement to help the absorption is taking L-glutamine, an amino acid that builds up the villi of the small intestines.

Foods like rice, dry toast, and bananas can sometimes help with diarrhea.

Avoid over-the-counter antidiarrhea medications unless specifically instructed to use one by your doctor. Certain infections can be made worse by these drugs. When you have diarrhea, your body is trying to get rid of whatever is causing it (contaminated food, virus, etc.). The medicine can interfere with this process.

Get plenty of rest. For chronic disease, please consult a health care professional. Try adding bulk to your diet to thicken your stool and regulate bowel movements. Such foods include fiber from whole-wheat grains and bran. Psyllium-containing products such as Metamucil or similar products can also add bulk to stools.

When should you seek medical advice? I there is blood or pus in your stools, your stools are black, you have any abdominal pain, lightheadedness, fever, foul smelling or oily stools, recent foreign travel, have eaten with someone who has acute diarrhea, you are starting a new medication or if you have diarrhea lasting more than 5 days.

One herbal remedy would be slippery elm,Ulmus rubra. It is a species of elm native to eastern North America (from southeast North Dakota, east to southern Quebec, south to northernmost Florida, and west to eastern Texas). It is similar to American Elm in general appearance, but more closely related to the European Wych Elm, which has a very similar flower structure. Other common names include Red Elm, Gray Elm, Soft Elm, Moose Elm and Indian Elm. It has a great history in America. During the Revolutionary War, surgeons used bark poultice as a treatment for gunshot wounds. If you like mucilaginous tea, use three tablespoons of the inner bark in a hot cup of water. This has been traditionally used for sore throats, upset stomach, and diarrhea. I would prefer using elderberry or ginger for my sore throat. I use Aloe vera for gastric irritation because I have difficulty swallowing this gelatinous herb. The FDA approved slippery elm as a non prescriptive demulcent in throat lozenges. I find this interesting since there are very few studies.

Until tomorrow...

Thursday, September 2, 2010

SEPTEMBER 2, 2010 HURRICANE?

"Successful people are always looking for opportunities to help others. Unsuccessful people are always asking, 'What's in it for me?'" -Brian Tracy

Are you successful or unsuccessful? I am not talking financial reports or your portfolio! Do you always look to help your fellow neighbor? I do. I want at every opportunity to help someone. Last night I happen to see someone who had lost 30 + pounds. He came over and gave me a big hug. He said, "Thank you for changing my life." It was some 10 months later and he still had kept the weight off. He was practicing a lifestyle not a diet. I get all teary eyed when these incidences happen. I don't think I ever asked "What's in it for me?" while sober or not sober. I am just not that kind of person. Now you and I know there are those people or those unfortunates. Maybe they do not know any better. Perhaps they were brought up this way. Can an unsuccessful person ever become a successful person? I believe yes, BUT only if that person wants to change. Some people are incapable of change. Change is fear. More than eight years ago when a friendship had ended, I was asked what was I doing with the house in Fire Island--My mind was caught off guard. I thought I heard, ..."let's work this out." It was my mind playing tricks on me-some individuals as stated yesterday care more about materialistic items!! I care about how the bird is going to get the food out of the feeder, will that plant survive the cold fall, and how many plants/shrubs and flowers will be uprooted with this upcoming storm?

Seventy two years ago in September the Fire Island residents were not warned of an impending storm. The 1938 hurricane was first reported in the vicinity of Puerto Rico. It passed within 200 miles of Florida and then tracked North at a speed of 40 mph. The Florida Weather Bureau had termed this storm a hurricane, but when it was handed off to the Washington station the severity was lost. Several reasons were stated afterward, but the result was that no warning was sent to Long Island. The hurricane arrived on Fire Island in the afternoon on Sept. 21 on rising tides. Winds were measured at 120 mph with a storm-surge of 10ft on the ocean and 13 to 15 ft on the Bay. Fortunately this storm hit at the end of the summer-season and the Island was relatively empty. Nevertheless, many people were killed. 65 houses were lost in Cherry Grove, only about 20 houses survived. More than 90 houses were lost in Saltaire. Seventy two years and fifteen days earlier, Hurricane Earl might pass through Fire Island. Let's see what happens.

What would you want to drink for the huirricane? Sure I bet some of you would want a cocktail or a glass of Merlot. Except I am sober. So I want ginger beer or sarsaparilla flavoring in my soda water. Sarsaparilla has long been used as a blood purifier and tonic that boosts stamina and energy. Although there is no definitive evidence, many body-builders strongly maintain that Sarsaparilla (or Smilax) helps to build Muscle mass, while avoiding the harmful side effects of anabolic steroids. Sarsaparilla is considered a fine tonic herb, an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and the herb may even act as an aphrodisiac. Perhaps this is the reason that the "Good Guys" of the Old West, who disdained whiskey in favor of Sarsaparilla always seemed to have that extra edge. It contains vitamins A, B-complex, C and D. Also the minerals iron, manganese, sodium, silicon, sulfur, copper, zinc, and iodine. It contains the amino acids methionine and cysteine.

Sarsaparilla was used to treat syphilis in the late 1800's and 1920's.
Sarsaparilla is considered to be a fine tonic and blood purifier that is said to attack and neutralize toxins (including environmental poisons) in the blood. In addition, the herb also promotes urination and sweating; and that action is believed to further rid the body of toxins through bodily secretions. It also helps to cool the body and break intermittent fevers. As an antibacterial, Sarsaparilla has been used internally and externally to counteract infections of all kinds. Internally, the herb is said to attack microbial substances in the blood and also counteract Urinary Tract Infections.

Sarsaparilla is an anti-inflammatory that is believed to ease rheumatism, Arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Because of its diuretic properties the stimulation of urine production increases the excretion of uric Acid, which also helps to relieve Gout.

There is much mystique and controversy surrounding Sarsaparilla's hormonal properties in both men and women. In men, the herb is said to stimulate production of natural hormones (testosterone), which may help to restore both sexual interest and erectile function. This action is different from many other male aphrodisiacs that act by increasing blood to the penis, which also carries the risk of creating high Blood pressure.

History:
Sarsaparilla is a woody, perennial, climbing vine, native to the rain forests of Central and South America, Jamaica and Caribbean regions, and also grows in other temperate zones such as Southeast Asia and Australia. The root is long and tuberous and supports a ground-trailing evergreen vine that may reach fifty feet in length, and the fragrance of the root (which has been used for centuries in herbal medicine) is spicy-sweet. It has a pleasant taste. Its name is derived from two Spanish words, sarza, meaning "bramble" and parilla, meaning "vine."

I have a photograph of sarsaparilla from Roy H Park Conservation. Not only do I have the plant and leaves, but also the berries. By the way I tasted the berries. Very cool.

Until tomorrow...

Wednesday, September 1, 2010

SEPTEMBER 1, 2010 WHAT IS CHAPARRAL ?



The following is a great quote for the 1st day of a new month

"BE patient with yourself if you are not where you want to be or think you should be. Remember life is a process." I would add be happy as well as patient with yourself. All of us think we should be at a different place than we are or at least we know people who think that. I was one of those people. I was never happy where my life was at the time. I wanted something different. I should be more successful, or have more money, or have this or that. A lot of what I wanted was materialistic. This was early on in sobriety. I believe it was due to the friends/partner I had at that time in my life. I was never a label person. I had to be careful of my success and money early on.

My dad always said I had the pockets of a sailor. He should have known as he served in WWII on the USS Monterey. I always spent every last dollar I had in those early times. I wanted to please people. I bought lavish gifts for people. I had a low self esteem. I was trying to "buy love" I believe there are 'givers' and 'takers' I was a 'money giver' I was buying friendships. How sad to think of this. But life is a process. I am a better man today for what I have gone through. No matter where I am in life I know it is just where I am supposed to be. GOD is the bandleader of the orchestra for me. Whether GOD wants to be Harry James, Tommy Dorsey or Glenn Miller I am just where I am supposed to be.

I know and believe that. I am a 'giver' but I give to whom I want with no expectations. I do not buy love any longer. The difference is while I give to others I also give to myself. I cannot help anyone if I cannot help myself first.


I loved writing about chocolate yesterday. Rick reminded me of another film with chocolate: Like Water for Chocolate.

I was reading my First Aid list and glanced at the tinctures that are needed. One is Chaparal - Larrea species. I will not find a chapparrel bush in the Northeast and certainly not in Cherry Grove, Fire Island.

Larrea tridentata, known as creosote bush (or chaparral when used as a medicinal herb) and "Gobernadora" in Mexico (Spanish for "Governess", because of its ability to inhibit the growing of other plants around it), is a flowering plant in the family Zygophyllaceae. It is a prominent species in the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan Deserts of western North America, including portions of California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, western Texas in the United States, and northern Chihuahua in Mexico. It is closely related to the South American Larrea divaricata and was formerly treated as the same species.

The medicinal uses of the chaparral bush are for fever, influenza, colds, upset stomach, gas gout, arthritis, sinusitis, anemia, and fungus infections. Creosote also has antimicrobial properties, making it a useful first aid. It is also beneficial in the treatment of allergies, autoimmunity diseases, and Premenstrual Syndrome. Creosote serves as an analgesic, antidiarrheal, diuretic, and emetic. The FDA has issued a warning regarding ingesting the leaves. It can cause kidney and liver damage if not used properly. I have heard that it can be used for herpes, tubercolosis and other sexually transmitted diseases.

I have seen it used in the field (in a desert). The smell of the plant being used gives me nausea. I know the Native Americans have used it for snake bites. I do not think I could tolerate the smell.

Tomorrow I will discuss some Fire Island plants...

Until tomorrow...